In most mammals, including humans, the formation of urine begins in the nephrons of the kidneys by filtration of blood plasma into the nephron. Presence of blood or hemoglobin makes the urine smoky or red colored. Biochemical composition of normal urine article pdf available in nature precedings november 2011 with 15,755 reads how we measure reads. To determine the prevalence of urine abnormality in patients. The peaks for these components lie toward the negative electrode, with the gamma peak being closest to that electrode.
We are going to look at urine and break it down into its components. Urine is a liquid byproduct of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. Chemical composition of cow urine 15 water 95% urea 2. World journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. Urine examination helps in the diagnosis of various renal as well as systemic diseases. Camel urine urine has an unusual and unique biochemical composition. Urine, liquid or semisolid solution of metabolic wastes and certain other, often toxic, substances that the excretory organs withdraw from the circulatory fluids and expel from the body. Cow urine has a special significance in indian tradition. Cow urine has been described as water of life or amrita beverages of immortality, the nectar of the god. The kidneys form the urine and account for the other functions attributed to the urinary system. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Normally, urine is clear and amber yellow in color due to the presence of urobilin the higher the concentration of urine, the deeper is the color.
Urine is a liquid byproduct of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Macroscopic examination chemical analysis sulfosalicylic acid test microscopic examination. Camel urine components display anticancer properties in. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is. Saunders ruakura soil and plant research station, ministry of agriculture and fisheries. Urine will only have a very distinct smell in the case of specific rare diseases. Macroscopic examination involves observing the characteristics of the urine sample that can be observed by the naked eye. Fluorescence spectra of blood and urine components by montaha ahmad althunayan supervised by dr.
As far as urine goes, by far the most common component is water. The other methods are called confirmatory tests because the most common use is to confirm a positive or negative result obtained using the reagent strip. The quantity depends on the water intake, external temperature, the diet and the individuals mental and physical condition. Inspection of visible components in urine based on deep learning. This prompted us to ask whether the urine of this extraordinary animal has anticancer properties. The urine may be colored green, brown or deep yellow if bile pigments are present in the urine as occurs in posthepatic jaundice. Inspection of visible components in urine based on deep. Anatomy of the urinary system kidneys a pair of bean shaped organs located retroperitoneally, responsible for blood filtering and urine formation. B vitamins turn urine an eyepopping neon yellow but. Aug 14, 2017 years ago, physicians would taste your urine to check for diabetes. The presence of rbcs in urine is clinically significant. Renal cortex outer region of the kidneys where most enthrones is located. Sometimes, in severe diabetes mellitus, fructose may also be present in urine named as fructosuria.
Explain the significance of the components of a routine urinalysis. The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine. The next five components globulins are labeled alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, and gamma. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very. Their measured values are not diagnostic of any disease in and of. A dark brown urine may indicate methemoglobinuria or alkaptonuria. Introduction urine is an excretory product of the body. The exact composition of nutrients in urine varies with diet, in particular nitrogen content. The effect on yield lasted 23 harvests and was followed by a decrease in. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents, in order of. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48. Panchagavya is a combination of cow urine, milk, dung, ghee and curd. The peaks for these components lie toward the negative electrode, with the.
The components of goats urine include nitrogen and pethylphenylsulphuric acid. Human urine chemical composition and fertilizer use. Pale urine has a low specific gravity, a dark line has a high specific gravity. Chemical examination of urine 2 confirmatory tests which may be indicated sometimes it may be necessary to measure chemicals in urine other than by the reagent strip methods. There is no abnormal range as such, since the urine can normally vary from acid to alkaline. Urine boundless anatomy and physiology lumen learning. Urine caused a large increase in ryegrass yield, due entirely to its n component. Of course, that is no longer done, but an analysis of your urine is still important. Urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness. Components of urine chapter summary and learning objectives.
The urine electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride are principally used as nutritional indicators in healthy persons. Abnormal constituents of urine biology for everybody. We use cookies to make interactions with our website easy and meaningful, to better. As the fluid passes along the nephron tube, water and useful plasma components such as amino acids, glucose, and other nutrients are. A normal adult excretes daily from ml to 1800 ml of urine. Human urine is yellowish in color and variable in chemical composition, but here is a list of its primary components. The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron, which then continues as a highly specialized tubular structure responsible for creating the final urine composition. The urine dipstick test is the basic screening test for proteinuria.
They may be associated with disease, injury, or infection of any portion of the renal system. Before discussing about the abnormal constituents of urine we must have some idea about the normal constituent of urine. Renal capsule a layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the kidneys. Trichomonas is a common cause of vaginitis and is usually indicative of a std. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys to remove waste products from the bloodstream. To determine the association of urine abnormality with regard to age and gender. Furthermore, while human urine is acidic, camel urine is basic with a ph. Plastic strip dipped in urine sample test for various chemical components of urine results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti. Perhaps, one of the earliest known record of urine test was the technique of pouring urine on the ground and observing whether or not it attracted insects. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine researchgate. They are infrequently measured in clinical settings, and when they are it is usually in intensivecritical care units. The average specific gravity of a norma urine sample is between 1. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is excreted via the urethra.
Physical properties and detection of normal constituents. King saud university in partial fulfillment of the requirement for. Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a bodys level of hydration, as well as other factors. Jan 28, 2020 urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys to remove waste products from the bloodstream. It is not only vital if you have kidney disease, the organ that makes urine, or if you suffer from any disease that involves your urinary tract, but it can also be useful in the detection and. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine. Your urine should normally be within a specific ph range. Human urine chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency. Cow urine is said to have a spiritual cleansing effect as well. Components of urine urine chemical compounds scribd. Abstract the effects of cow urine and equivalent nitrogen, potassium, and sulphur treatments on pasture yield, botanical composition, herbage chemical composition, and n fixation by clovers ere exammd during winter and spring. The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also includes nitrogenous molecules, such as urea, as well as. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee.
Composition of urine normal urine is a yellow fluid. Components of serum protein electrophoresis albumin, the largest peak, lies closest to the positive electrode. The attraction of insects indicates honey urine which was known to be excreted by people with boils. Bernard read published in 1925 a paper describing the chemical constituents of camel camelus bactrinus urine. Explain at least 4 factors that can influence the color of urine. Further studies have shown that camel urine contains about 10 folds more mineral salts than human urine. Freshwater animals usually excrete very dilute urine. Putnam advance biotechnology and power department summary this report defines the composition of typical human urine and presents experimental data on its chemical, physical, engineering, and concentrative properties. The concentration of urine is highest in the a morning specimen overnight urine. Urinalysis clinical urine tests components and results. Urine collection urine is usually collected in a sterile wide mouthed container. The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also includes nitrogenous molecules, such as urea, as well as creatinine and other metabolic waste components. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of.
After knowing the normality it will be very easy to understand about the abnormal constituents of urine of human beings. Its main components are normal urea, nacl, kcl, creatinine, uric acid, phosphates. Nitrogen was mainly 90% present as ammoniacal n, with ammonium bicarbonate being the dominant compound. Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber. Composition and concentrative properties of huun urine by david f.
The chemical composition of urine varies widely depending upon. The composition of urine tends to mirror the water needs of the organism. Urinepromotes basic research, translation and clinical applications in the area of urine, with the aim of improving understanding, screening. This lesson covers the amounts of measurable substances in urine and the pigments that determine urine color. Effects of cow urine and its major constituents on pasture. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. So the components of urine are the things that are put together to make up urine. Feb 27, 2019 urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body.
Urination results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra cellular metabolism generates many byproducts that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it. There is approximately 95 percent water in urine and the. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. In the urine of a healthy individual, the color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin. Urinalysis interpretation university of wisconsinmadison. Excessive excretion of porphyrins in urine gives rise to pink or brown urine. Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. With increasing concentrations of urinary protein, a dye indicator tetrabromophenol blue undergoes sequential colour changes from pale green to blue. For this reason, it is important for the physician to correlate the urine ph with other information to determine whether there is a problem.
Urine composition and function chemistry libretexts. In this chapter, our subject experts help you understand the building blocks of urine, different tests used to check urine and the. Discuss at least 4 factors that can increase or decrease specific gravity. Bencejones protein, bile pigments, blood, melanin and so on. Laboratory procedure manual centers for disease control. While it is composed of 91 to 96 percent water, it contains many other components, both solid and liquid. Urinalysis clinical urine tests components and results see online here urinalysis is the test performed to analyze the physical, chemical and microscopic characteristics of urine. Heavy metal concentrations in urine samples were low compared.
568 730 998 781 935 634 1166 695 44 72 700 824 1653 394 1114 1636 1624 289 758 99 435 83 1645 919 38 1548 865 870 623 261 276 1112 866 331 925 1296 797 597 236 651 1281 1121